Louis looks upwards to his mother for guidance on how to steer the ship of state. Her eldest daughter Elisabeth became the Queen of Spain, while her youngest girl Henrietta Maria became the Queen of England. They regarded Marie as a foreigner for practically her entire time there, especially when the queen could never manage to speak French fluently and continued to keep her childhood friend Leonora as one of her only bosom buddies. [4] The contract stated that Rubens was to paint all the figures, which presumably allowed him to employ assistants for backgrounds and details.[5]. As in other scenes in the Medici Cycle, Rubens includes a mythological element: the ancient god of marriage, Hymenaios wearing a crown of roses, carries the bride's train in one hand and the nuptial torch in the other. Cupids arrow has hit its mark; the king is smitten. While the other paintings were completed at Rubens's studio in Antwerp, The Felicity of the Regency of Marie de' Medici was designed and painted entirely by Rubens on the spot to replace another, far more controversial depiction of Marie's 1617 expulsion from Paris by her son Louis. A member of the powerful House of Medici in the branch of the Grand Dukes of Tuscany, the wealth of her family caused Marie to be chosen by Henry IV to become his second wife after his divorce from his previous wife, Margaret of Valois. [42] It would be one of two paintings most visually apparent upon entrance into the gallery through the southeast corner. The noble coalition was quickly defeated at the Battle of Ponts-de-C (7 August 1620) by Louis XIII, who forgave his mother and the princes. [77], The Victory at Jlich shows the only military event that the Queen participated in during her regency: the return of Jlich (or Juliers in French) to the Protestant princes. However, this match is about politics as well as love. The boy, named Louis, and automatically upon birth heir to the throne and Dauphin of France, was born to the great satisfaction of the King and France, which had been waiting for the birth of a Dauphin for more than forty years. [53] The word dauphin is French for dolphin, a term associated with princely royalty. Within hours after Henry IV's assassination, Marie was confirmed as Regent by the Parliament of Paris on behalf of her son and new King, eight-year-old Louis XIII. The scene is rich with symbolism highlighting her heroism and victory. The cycle began at the entrance wall, featuring images of Marie's childhood years and her marriage to Henry IV. She took a strict approach to parenting Louis, which was saying something for the time. Direct link to Jenni Roberts's post Why was Henry VI given a , Posted 6 years ago. Oh, but theres more. This antagonism benefited the court, which soon pronounced the closure of the Estates General. [47], Rubens is able to coalesce these characters together into a single united front. Marie was one smart cookie, though: Not only did none of the conspiracies work, she somehow managed to grasp even more power with each revolt. [9] The cycle of paintings dedicated to the life of Henry IV was never completed, although some preliminary sketches survive. While Marie gazes adoringly at her son, Fecundity presses the cornucopia to her arm, representing the complete and bountiful family to come. But soon, a more prestigious suitor presented himself: King Henry IV of France. 1982. [119] He was thus actively seeking for an Italian artist to replace Rubens, which resulted in Rubens only sporadically continuing his work. [101] Additionally, the inclusion of two differently adorned personifications of Peace hints at the fact that Rubens wanted to confuse or excite the viewer to look deeper into this particular painting as a whole. The visit prompted Caspar Barlaeus to write his Medicea hospes ("The Medicean Guest", 1638). [34], The cycle's second painting, The Birth of the Princess, represents Medici's birth on 26 April 1573. In particular, she tried to attract several large-scale artists to Paris: she brought in The Annunciation by Guido Reni, was offered a suite of Muses painted by Giovanni Baglione, invited the painter Orazio Gentileschi (who stayed in Paris during two years, during 16231625), and especially the Flemish painter Peter Paul Rubens, who was commissioned by her to create a 21-piece series glorifying her life and reign to be part of her art collection in the Luxembourg Palace. [15], Rubens's Medici commission was an inspiration for other artists as well, particularly the French painters Jean-Antoine Watteau (16841721) and Franois Boucher (17031770) who produced copies from the Medici cycle. The Henry cycle called for twenty-four monumental scenes of Henry's life depicting "the encounters he was engaged in, his combats, conquests, and sieges of towns with the Triumphs of said victories. However, Marie undertook to cement the alliance with Spain and to ensure respect for the theses of the Council of Trent. WebMarie de Medici b. [104] The artist chose the high road, relying on Ripa's visual vernacular, to portray a scene where virtues defeat vices and embrace peaceful reconciliation making little more than an allusion to a vague political statement.[104]. Her son exiled her when he seized power, Marie having extended her regency beyond his attaining the age of majority. [1] The first series of 21 canvases depicts the life of Marie in largely allegorical terms, and was finished by the end of 1624, to coincide with the celebrations surrounding the wedding of her daughter, Henrietta Maria to Charles I of England on 11 May 1625. He was difficult, prone to tantrums, and grew ever more stubborn as the years went on. WebWritten and illuminated in the first quarter of 16th century the Flemish book of hours of Marie de Medici represents a beautiful example of the artistic perfection of Flemish art. This image is of, once again, Marie claiming her of regal authority yet was nonetheless the first step towards peace between mother and son. [10] Moreover, Maria de' Medici was the granddaughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (in office: 1556-1564), thereby ensuring and reinforcing a legitimate royal descent for prospective future members of the House of Bourbon (the Catholic League and Habsburg Spain had questioned Bourbon legitimacy during the previous French Succession War of 1589 - c. 1593). [103] Marie, desiring vindication for the death of her close personal friend, Concino Concini, would likely have intended a more direct personal allusion to Constable de Luynes, but Rubens preferring to keep to allegory, avoided specifics that could later prove embarrassing. Primarily gray, the sketch shows the king in crimson velvet to stand out in "the most famous of all the battles of Henry IV." Although the marriage succeeded in producing children, it was not a happy one. The marriage contract was signed in Paris in March 1600 and official ceremonies took place in Tuscany and France from October to December of the same year: the marriage by proxy took place at the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore (now Florence Cathedral) on 5 October 1600 with Henry IV's favorite the Duc de Bellegarde representing the French sovereign. He praised her sweet and pleasing carriageand immediately took her to bed, natch. Maria and her only surviving sister, Eleonora (with whom she had a close relationship) spent their childhood at the Palazzo Pitti in Florence, placed under the care of a governess along with their paternal first-cousin Virginio Orsini (son of Isabella de' Medici, Duchess of Bracciano).[6]. [16], Peter Paul Rubens (15771640) was a highly influential artist in Northern Europe, widely believed to have played an important role in shaping the style and visual language of his time. Symbols and allegory appear throughout the painting. Within this context Rubens' approach to 'historical truth' may appear selective or, worse, dishonest, but he was neither a historian in the modern sense, nor a journalist; the Medici cycle is not reportage, but rather poetic transformation. Marie had clung to power past the end of her regency, until Louis seized power in 1617 and exiled her to Blois. Sadly, though, she had already made one fatal error. Because it was a marriage by proxy, a common practice of the time where either the bride, groom, or both arent actually present, Marie had still never met King Henry at the moment he became her official husband. A first treaty, the Treaty of Angoulme, negotiated by Richelieu, calmed the conflict. [67] This particular theme, within the painting as a whole, has found other great masters receiving inspiration and fascination from Rubens' tormented figure of Bellona, the goddess of War, who lays disarmed below. Cranbury, New Jersey: A.S. Barnes and Company, 1968, Saward, Susan. And whatever Marie wants, Marie gets. [79] The Queen is accompanied by a womanly embodiment of what was once thought to be, Fortitude because of the lion beside her. Direct link to CielAllen08's post Is there a book about Kin, Posted 7 years ago. This orb functions both as an allusion to the Roman orbis terrarum (sphere of earth) which signifies the domain and power of the Roman emperor, and as a subtle assertion of the claim of the French monarchy upon the imperial crown. These ultimately imply that this allegory of Marie de' Medici is an apotheosis. According to historical records of the Queen's escape, this painting is not truthfully reflecting the moment of the occurrence. [114] It is at this point that the Medici Cycle changes to the subject of the Queen Mother's reign. All of these symbols, Rubens displayed in this ambiguous and enigmatic painting to represent or "misrepresent" Marie de' Medici in the manner that portrayed her as the prudent, yet caring and humble mother of a young and nave monarch. However, Henry IV of Navarre was not a rich man and needed Marie's money. WebThe river god in the picture's right corner is likely an allusion to the Arno River that passes through Florence, Marie's city of birth. You should. The Renaissance painter Jacopo Ligozzi actually taught her drawing, turning the girl into a talented illustrator. More than once, the artistic license of the painter was curbed in order to portray Marie in the right light. However, despite our best efforts, we sometimes miss the mark. She fell ill in June 1642 and died of a bout of pleurisy in destitution on 3 July 1642, a few months before Richelieu. In June 1642, a bout of pleurisy hit her, and her whole life unraveledliterally. It is generally thought that Hermes endows the princess with the gift of eloquence, to go along with the Grace's gift of beauty. The paintings of each gallery would have been exhibited as an integrated pair, unifying all forty-eight scenes.[120]. [7] They may have been poisoned, but some historians believe they were killed by malarial fever. These accents also create a sense of unity with the neighboring work, Apotheosis of Henry IV and the Proclamation of the Regency. She is conducted to the altar by the Cardinals Gondi and de Sourdis, who stand with her along with Mesieurs de Souvrt and de Bethune. I would expect nothing less. By 1584, she had lost two more of her siblings, and in 1587, both her father and his new wife passed under mysterious circumstances, likely from poison. Marie commissioned paintings that truthfully followed the events of her life, and it was the job of Rubens to tactfully convey these images. tags: love , medici. Richelieu played an important role in her reconciliation with the king and even managed to bring the queen mother back to the Conseil du Roi. The round shape of the temple, like those built by the ancients to represent the world, and has an Ionic order that is associated with Juno and Maria herself. The lions pull the chariot (which is a pun on the name of the city), and in the chariot we see the allegorical figure of the city herself with a crown of her battlements: Lyons. The object may be seen as foretelling of Marie's peaceful reign. [98] She is shown with the snakes of the caduceus emblem having uneasy movement and the forced escorting of the queen by Mercury into the Temple of Peace give the feeling of a strong will not to be defeated. Direct link to writersurprise's post There is alot of informat, Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation. [70] All these and more, combine to make a persuasive argument and show a certain artistically respectful nod from Rubens to Caravaggio as two contemporaries of the time. The fountain was designed due to a special demand of the Queens. WebAfter her husbands death-by-joust, Catherine took the image of a broken lance as her personal emblem, inscribed with the words, lacrymae hinc, hinc dolor (from this come my tears and my pain). Please reach out to us to let us know what youre interested in reading. Having never been a particularly graceful event for anyone, disembarking a ship does not pose a problem for Rubens in his depiction of Marie de' Medici arriving in Marseilles after having been married to Henry IV by proxy in Florence. In the end, he had to settle for 10% less than the agreed (and considerable) sum of 60,000 pounds. The Dutch were so happy to have her there, they even erected a temporary structure on the Amstel River that contained a tableaux of her image. There was great approval of the match, as the pope and many powerful Florentine nobles had been advocates of the marriage and had worked at convincing the king of the benefits of such a union. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. And thats when it all started to fall apart. Rubens needed to be very careful in the representation of the couple's first meeting because allegedly Henry was very much involved with a mistress at the time of the marriage. Thanks for your time! A parchment Prayer Book belonging to Marie de' Medici has artwork that may date from the 15th century, but is also remarkable for its canivet cuttings. An avid ballet performer and art collector, she deployed artistic patronage that helped develop the arts in France. Her sister and aunt flank Marie while two trumpets are blown simultaneously by an ethereal Fame, announcing her arrival to the people of France. Not only did his mistress have a funny habit of getting pregnant at the exact same time as Marie, Henriette began to claim that since Henry had promised to marry her, it was their children who were legitimate, while Maries were usurpers. Plus, she had another thing going for her. After having obtained the annulment of his union to Margaret of Valois in December 1599,[4] Henry IV officially started negotiations for his new marriage with Maria de' Medici. Yeah, the Karen vibes were strong with this one. [127] The painting shows Henry parading into Paris as a victorious Roman emperor holding an olive branch, the symbol of peace. She is paired with Marie by the color of their hair, and similarly Louis is paired with Religion, or the Order of the Holy Spirit. [41] The painting displays an embellished Baroque collaboration of the spiritual and earthly relationships, which are illustrated in a theatrical environment. WebYou will fare better without it. Thanks for your help! At this time Henry IV was about to depart to fight in the War of Succession over the United Duchies of Jlich-Cleves-Berg; the coronation aimed to confer greater legitimacy on the Queen from the perspective of a possible regency which she would be called upon to provide in the absence of the King. Marie de' Medici became the second wife to King Henry IV of France in a marriage by proxy on 5 October 1600 by the power invested in her uncle, Grand Duke Ferdinand of Tuscany. Perhaps its not surprising given his parents tempers and general bad behavior, but by all accounts, the Dauphin Louis needed a huge attitude adjustment. [54] As a Flemish painter Rubens includes a dog in the painting, alluding to fidelity in marriage. And then she came back with a vengeance. The baby is quite close to a serpent, which is a representation of Health. As soon as news reached the palace that the king had perished, parliament wasted no time confirming Marie as Regent over her young son Louis. Through a causal nexus, this painting would have been available to Rubens and thereby plausible for its influence to exist within Rubens's own genius on canvas. These have been identified as Cupid, Minerva, Prudence, Abundance, Saturn, and two figures of Pheme, all indicated by their traditional attributes, all bestowing their bounties on the Queen. Although he was present at the actual event twenty years earlier, as a member of the Gonzaga household during his travels in Italy, Rubens appears youthful and stands behind the bride, holding a cross and gazing out at the viewer. The lower half of the painting is dominated by imagery of Lyons. Nevertheless, the Queen-Regent's policy caused discontent. [81] The wedding, which was thought to secure peace between France and Spain, took place on a float midway across the Bidassoa River, along the French-Spanish border. Meanwhile, Jupiter and Juno are sitting atop clouds looking down on Henry as they provide the viewer a key example of marital harmony and thus show approval for the marriage. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Rubens's Arrival (or Disembarkation) of Marie de Medici at Marseilles, Medici Cycle, Marie de' Medici cycle by Peter Paul Rubens, Rubens cycle of paintings apotheosizing Marie de Medici, Self-Portrait in a Circle of Friends from Mantua, The Gonzaga Family in Adoration of the Holy Trinity, Portrait of Marchesa Brigida Spinola-Doria, Portrait of a Noblewoman with an Attendant, Portrait of Giovanni Carlo Doria on Horseback, The Head of Saint John the Baptist Presented to Salome, Saint Teresa of vila's Vision of the Holy Spirit, Ixion, King of the Lapiths, Deceived by Juno, Who He Wished to Seduce, The Virgin and Child Surrounded by the Holy Innocents, Erichthonius Discovered by the Daughters of Cecrops, The Meeting Between Abraham and Melchizedek, Saints Dominic and Francis Saving the World from Christ's Anger, The Virgin Mary and Saint Francis Saving the World from Christ's Anger, Diana and Her Nymphs Leaving for the Hunt, Christ Appointing Saint Roch as Patron Saint of Plague Victims, Portrait of Infante Isabella Clara Eugenia, Portrait of George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, The Triumphal Entry of Henry IV into Paris, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_de%27_Medici_cycle&oldid=1117913311, Paintings in the Louvre by Dutch, Flemish and German artists, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 24 October 2022, at 06:19. After formative years that would corrupt even the purest mind, Marie developed some disturbing coping mechanisms. Henry was going away to battle, and he selfishly needed his wife to hold more official clout while he was gone. He gazes up in gratitude, his left hand extended as he expresses his delight in his bride-to-be. It has been suggested that the allegorical nature of the work would have made Maries usurpation of this and other masculine roles palatable. [82] With the death of son Louis' court favorite, Charles d'Albert de Luynes, mother and son reconcile. Louis' mother, Marie, acted as his regent as commanded by the Frankish Salic law in case of an infant ruler. Fired. Below, Saturn raises Veritas to heaven which symbolizes truth being, "brought to the light", as well as the reconciliation between the Queen and her son. Jupiter accordingly signifies the allegory of Henry IV, the promiscuous husband. Marie's conduct was such that she forced her son to banish her from France, where she was encouraging her other son, Gaston. The only way he could see them was by having portraits made and choosing one of a woman who appealed to him enough (along with the size of her dowry) to feel he could enjoy her in bed and produce little princes. His victorious army rushes in chaotically behind him; horses rearing and riders falling. After the death of the duke of Anjou, brother of the childless King Henry III, the apparent heir was to be Henry of Navarre (the future King Henry IV). [89], Considering the haste with which Rubens completed this painting, his lack of specific reference to a golden age in his letter, and the existence of several contemporary depictions of Marie as a figure of Justice, most historians are content with the simpler allegorical interpretation which is more consistent both with Rubens's style and the remainder of the cycle.[90]. [78] The Queen thrusts her arm high with an assembler's baton in hand. Marie de Medici might have had a horrific childhood that scarred her for life, but it also gave her riches beyond most peoples greatest imaginings. It was designed by Tommaso Francini, a Florentine fountain maker and hydraulic engineer. The model, or overall design, for this portrait of Johanna of Austria goes back to a painting by Alessandro Allori that was then copied by Giovanni Bizzelli. There's something about the family structure that encourages secrets. In late February 1619, Marie had enough of sitting pretty in some faraway palace. Louis and his mother were not reconciled for over four years, and finally in 1621 Marie was permitted to return to Paris. However, because Henry never actually entered Paris in this fashion, the scene is supposed to represent only a symbolic triumph. WebWritten and illuminated in the first quarter of 16th century the Flemish book of hours of Marie de Medici represents a beautiful example of the artistic perfection of Flemish art. Marie gave birth to her first child, a son, on 27 September 1601 at the Palace of Fontainebleau. "The Golden Age of Marie de' Medici". While in the matronly doghouse, Marie spent her time as a monarch-for-hire, and made a special visit to Amsterdam to help officially recognize the nascent Dutch Republic. That was one of Brian De Palma's best movies. [128] This painting coincides with Apotheosis and Ascendancy in the Marie cycle. As Marie turned into a young woman, it became obvious to everyone that she was going to be a great beauty. [82] Anna, at age fourteen the older of the two, turns back as if to take leave of Spain, while France gently pulls her by the left arm. We Medici always have.. Just weeks after Marie gave birth to an heir of France, she received a brutal blow. [22] From there, she fled on 19 July 1631 towards the city of trungt (in the County of Hainaut), where she slept before going to Brussels. Have some pie," Natalie offered. WebQuite the feat. [34], Early interpretations explained Juno's presence in the scene through her identity as the goddess of childbirth. She wrote extensively, especially to her children and to other powerful European leaders. [14] The very next day (14 May), Henry IV was assassinated by Franois Ravaillac - which immediately raised suspicions of a conspiracy.[15]. Above in the tribune appears Henry IV, as if to give sanction to the event. [78] Fame in the right side of the painting pushes air through the trumpet so powerfully that a burst of smoke comes out. One of these strategies was to personify Marie as Juno or Minerva. The day after Marie officially became Queen of France, her husband suffered a horrific fate. The two ominous figures behind Henry III most likely represent personifications of Fraud and Discord. Notwithstanding his desire to give an heir to his dynasty, the new Grand Duke gave his orphaned nephew and niece a good education. [61][62] Also, her pet dogs are placed in the foreground of the painting. Except when Richelieu got too powerful, Marie made a huge, panicked mistake. Unifying all forty-eight scenes. [ 120 ] taught her drawing, turning the girl into a united! Was to personify Marie as Juno or Minerva and victory never actually entered Paris in fashion! A theatrical environment, Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation suggested that the Medici cycle changes to the life Henry! Of majority Medici cycle changes to the life of Henry IV sketches survive allegorical nature of the General... Hit its mark ; the king is smitten cornucopia to her children and to powerful. Wife to hold more official clout while he was difficult, prone to tantrums, and he needed. Symbolism highlighting her heroism and victory curbed in order to portray Marie the. 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